This article features basic information about Grand Canyon National Park. Let's check out to find out where is it,  who discovered it, what about its size.  Random interesting facts.
Location: Arizona
Established: February 26, 1919
Size: 1,217,403 acres
Where is the Grand Canyon?
The Grand Canyon is located in northern Arizona. Grand Canyon Railway departs daily from Williams, Arizona, 65 miles south of the world-famous abyss. Coined the “Gateway to the Grand Canyon”, Williams is located off Interstate 40, 32 miles west of Flagstaff. Driving Directions.
It's hard to look at the canyon and not be curious about geology. Rock that dates back 1.8 billion years lies at the bottom. Exactly how the river formed the canyon is still unclear, but geologists generally agree that most of the cutting occurred within the last five million years.

The road to the Grand Canyon from the south crosses a gently rising plateau that gives no hint at what is about to unfold. You wonder if you have made a wrong turn. All at once an immense gorge a mile deep and up to 18 miles wide opens up. The scale is so vast that even from the best vantage point only a fraction of the canyon's 277 miles can be seen.

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Nearly five million people travel here each year; 90 percent first see the canyon from the South Rim with its dramatic views into the deep inner gorge of the Colorado River. So many feet have stepped cautiously to the edge of major overlooks that in places the rock has been polished smooth. But most of the park's 1,904 square miles are maintained as wilderness. You can avoid crowds by hiking the park's many trails or driving to the cool evergreen forests of the North Rim where people are fewer and viewing is more leisurely. The Grand Canyon boasts some of the nation's cleanest air, with visibility on clear days averaging 90 to 110 miles.
What is the Grand Canyon best known for?
Grand Canyon National Park. Carved out by the Colorado River, the Grand Canyon (nearly 1,500 m deep) is the most spectacular gorge in the world. Located in the state of Arizona, it cuts across the Grand Canyon National Park.

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Who was the first to discover the Grand Canyon?
In September 1540, under direction by conquistador Francisco Vásquez de Coronado to find the fabled Seven Cities of Gold, Captain García López de Cárdenas led a party of Spanish soldiers with Hopi guides to the Grand Canyon.
Where is the beginning of the Grand Canyon?
It is 277 miles (446 km) long, up to 18 miles (29 km) wide and more than a mile (6,000 feet / 1,800 meters) deep. It is the result of constant erosion by the Colorado River over millions of years. The Grand Canyon is in the northwest corner of Arizona, close to the borders of Utah and Nevada.

Currently scientists are still plenty of questions about the evolutionary history of penguins. Until now, the only fossils exist in New Zealand land about 62 million years ago, said spending is Waimaru oldest penguins. Their body structure is quite similar to penguin species now they are very short wings and fly. The only other time such a thing has not really Waimaru life in the aquatic environment and adapted to diving to catch prey.

You often see the shape of penguins in the white part of the abdomen and covers dark part behind. We use short wings for flippers when submerged under water. The front legs are used to move on the ground to look pretty waddling penguin species and especially taking advantage of the belly plate to slip on the snow front every time you want to go with more speed.

In the world there are about 18 different species of penguins. However, of which 13 species have declining populations due to climate, habitat and lack of responsibility in the preservation of the human species. Even more alarming, there are five species are listed as endangered by the Association International Union for Conservation of Nature statistics include White-flippered, Erect-crested, Galapagos, Humboldt and Yellow eyed.

Penguins live species populations, with high social, always focused in herds. Each population can be up to tens of thousands of children. Despite the large number and difficult to control like this, but every parent penguin couple, we are able to identify and look after her children through a special hearing.

Depending on the different species of penguins, bird life of around 15-20 years. In it, we spend 75% of their life living in sea water environment. For penguin species, our tear ducts rather special, can filter the excess salt from the blood. Salt is excreted through nasal liquid form. So we can drink seawater and live in this environment with ease.

The male penguin will assume the role of incubation for about two months while the children will go foraging at sea. During incubation, father penguins will stop everyday activities, just focus on the protection of eggs. We use the stored fat in the body to maintain strength. Typically, the male penguin will reduce lost half their body weight following this process. At the end of the period of two months, male and female penguin will circulate role to ensure health for themselves, review journal

Social community penguins, they communicate and exchange information with each other through body language using its head and flippers. In particular, for the penguin species, the researchers are not surprised and amazed feelings in relationship their mother. When children lost their baby or child dies, it will seek to "kidnapped" children of farming families bring. The reason most logical explanation is probably because the mother can not stand the pain of losing children and to deceive ourselves.

Penguins can swim about 15 miles per hour far exceed the international Olympic gold medalist Michael Phelps swimming to 4.7 miles per hour. They can dive underwater to record about 20 minutes. Usually small penguins dive deep, averaging only about 1-2 minutes to hold your breath looking for prey. However for larger species, they can dive to depths required in their abilities, which must mention the emperor penguins to dive to 565m record.

No coincidence that penguins have a special coat in front of white abdomen and in the back is dark. It is a disguised way of penguin prey before. Black to hide behind when diving into the dark waters, white to hide on the ice or the snow cold regions.

Penguins have no external genitalia so with the naked eye can not distinguish what is where children are males. Only when a new chromosome test to identify their gender. Especially in populations of penguins, also appeared homosexuality. Wildlife park located in Bremerhaven, northern Germany, two male penguins were hatching an egg together, treat each other as couples.

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The cat only lives for about 15 years, with the exception of 25-year-old to live. However, 25 years is the average life of the tiger, the tiger is probably due not only ru ru back of the house, and lazy, they are physically active.

Similar to the way people can not write the same or never share fingerprint, each tiger has a unique set of stripes on the face and body of their own, not shared with anyone touched.

One of the most bizarre things about tigers is that even if you have shaved their hair, the stripes on the body is still in the skin.

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The tiger does not seem like the smell of popcorn, because their urine smell like the smell of junk food attractive. We often urinate to mark their territory.

Tigers absolutely no problems with the anomalies when lions mating, if a close male lion with a tigress, they will often pair up and create hybrid animals called Liger. There are also cases where a male tiger and a baby with passionate lioness, but more rarely, the offspring are called Tigon.

Most of their animals and their big cats are cats hate water, except for tigers. We can enjoy swimming in the water, the tiger inception will soon be learning to swim, bathe clean along with his mother.

More of his distant cousin of his cats purr when excited, no growling tiger which when relaxed, they would enjoy and rubbed his eyes narrowed head.

Movies and television shows often that whenever tissue that threaten someone or another animal, the tiger will roar. In fact, very rarely people hear roaring tigers, their prey while remaining gentle than cats. Tigers roar when only wanted to talk to the other tigers away only.

Cats have the ability to lick its whole body just by licking but tigers also more unique capabilities, we can disinfect small wounds by licking their wounds.

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The fish looked like a giant underwater bats have been listed in the list of animal species vulnerable. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, giant stingrays are now pretty much caught for use in traditional Chinese medicine. Besides, most of them living area located on the shipping route. So the risk of bumping into the huge vessel- amazing science facts

Many people believe that giant stingray species "devil fish" because of the shape and the size of them. In fact, they are harmless to humans. Giant Stingray ratio between the brain and the body highest in fish, more sharks. They reproduce very little, each group is laying just 1.2 children.

Thanks to technology tracking via satellite, information about the movement of giant manta rays are recorded. From there the conservation of marine animals can detect threats in time affect their life.

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The Lava Heron has evolved to adapt to its environment through its colouring.

The Lava Herons colouring enables it to blend in with its environment and therefore hide from predators. The adults can be very dark and difficult to spot against the lava.

Lava Herons have also been known to eat the flies that gather near cacti. Unlike most herons, these birds nest in solitary pairs in either the lower branches of mangrove trees or under lava rocks.

This heron is sometimes considered a subspecies of the Striated Heron, or even just a colour morph of it. However, it is typically maintained as a separate species.

The Lava Heron - cool animal facts is so tame, it will let you take photos of it from as close as 8 inches.

These highly territorial birds are found in intertidal zones and mangrove groves on all of the Galapagos islands. You can often see Lava Herons sitting motionless on lava rocks, waiting patiently to grasp a passing fish with its bill. Lava Herons feed mainly on small fish, crabs and lizards. The Lava Heron stalks small crabs and fish slowly before quickly spearing and eating them.

The adult Lava Heron is slate-grey, which helps it blend in with the hardened lava. The back feathers typically have a silvery sheen and it has a short crest on its head. The feeding behaviour of the Lava Heron is quite impressive, it can catch small crabs at a rate of 2-3 crabs a minute.

Lava Herons are monogamous (only breed with one mate at a time) for the breeding season and engage in elaborate courtship displays. They can breed year-round, though typically from September to March and can mate up to three times a year.

Male Lava Herons obtain bright breeding colours on legs and beaks and some like the Great and Snowy Egrets develop aigrettes, which are spectacular head, neck and scapular plumes. When breeding, the heron has a black beak and bright orange legs, but they fade to grey after the breeding season.

After they formed pairs, females build platform nests of sticks in trees, shrubs or bushes near water while the males gather the necessary materials. Up to 10 eggs are laid and both incubate and the hatching is asynchronous.

Meaning of colorful plumage in birds.

Bright colors in birds act as predators, camouflage, or used to attract mates with impressive plumage accompany the long and beautiful tail. They use beautiful plumage courting mates with romantic dances to attract the attention of partners

Today, would like to introduce to you some of the species interesting animal facts have very beautiful plumage, and especially we have a very long tail feathers.

No1: Astrapia -  piece tail bird

Astrapia bird species belonging to heaven. Available with two birds particularly long tail feathers to impress females. These feathers can be nearly a meter long.

This is the bird with the longest tail feather in comparison with body size. Found in western central highlands of Papua New Guinea.

No2: Whydah - long tailed  bird

Whydah was leaning shaped species sparrow, but we had beautiful yellow plumage, stands out is their second tail feathers are long and straight. Especially as they do not nest but lay their nests due to other birds and assigned a task always care for young birds because birds which it lays. So special is not it long tail feathers of the male body 3 times, but their effect is to attract the birds in the breeding season comfort.

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No4: hummingbird Marvelous spatuletail

In terms of shape fur attention, hummingbirds Marvelous spatuletail always be appreciated. Males only 4 tail feathers, lasting two, crossed and dished light purple at the bottom. This hummingbird species use tail feathers to show off strength.

No5: Blue tail bird

Green eyebrow aa native birds in Central America. This species is easily recognizable thanks to the coat of black and turquoise. Both males and females have beautiful tails with two long feathers shaped racquet.

And there are many beautiful species like birds of India, Resplendent Quetzal Resplendent Bird, Bird bird bird, etc ... and many other species.

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1. Origin

2. Appearances

Sphynx average size, body balance and muscular with long curved body. They have tall legs, deep chest, long neck. The first part triangular shaped, pointy face also with nose and long snout. This cat does not have a beard on his face, eyes and ears are very large, long slender tail.

The most striking feature of this cat is hairless, so they get a new cat species nicknamed the world's horror. Full body smooth breed only a small undercoat layer overlay scary wrinkled skin. Their skin is white white, black or gray.

3. Personality traits

Sphynx cats - hairless cat appearance looked a bit scary but the personality we are extremely cute and adorable. They are very friendly people, very kind and emotional life with other pets in the house. Sphynx cats are intelligent, inquisitive curiosity, malleable and obedient.

See some pictures of Sphynx cat

But beside that person is feared dead, but very much about sharks that you may not know about:

1. A whale sharks can weigh in 18,000 tigers piranha fish.

2. The ancestors of sharks appeared 400 million years ago, that is 200 million years earlier than dinosaurs. That means that when dinosaurs dominated the earth, roaring and then become extinct because of climate change, the shark still exists cavalier under their underworld.

3. Sharks can swim at speeds of up to 60km / h. Meanwhile, the average rate of the pool is only 4km/hour.

4. Sharks no bones. Ministry "bones" of it composed of cartilage. Since no ribs so if they leave the water, the body weight of the shark can crush the internal organs before they suffocate.

Sharks 6. killer of all killers, synonymous with no natural enemies stronger than them and destroy them, except for people with advanced weaponry. May the shark only respect for each killer whale.

7. An average of 60 shark attacks per year who are recognized. Few of them fatal. Whereas, up to 70 million sharks are caught and killed each year by sharks hunting ships.

8. shark skin elasticity and durability 4 times cowhide. Sharks can sense changes in habitat due to border agencies (neuromasts) located just under the skin, distributed along the body, and especially a lot in the beginning. The function of the agency is to help sharks border feel the pressure and movement of water.

9. Sharks can sense electromagnetic fields. Some agencies specialize lateral line is to sense electromagnetic. We recognize the difference in voltage between the shark body to the environment. Scientists think this may allow sharks detect prey as well as foes, and mates. Ability to sense electromagnetic sharks can also help identify the Earth's magnetic field, helping them determine the direction they migrated.

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11. It has been discovered many strange objects inside the stomach of a shark as an armor, wine bottles ... That shows sometimes sharks will swallow it and grab objects are, rather because crushes everything in its killer teeth.

12. Most of shark fins 8. Sharks can swim only to avoid the physical difference lies just in front of them, by the shark fin does not allow us to move backwards.

13. Sharks can be hypnotized. Sharks may fall into a natural state of paralysis. Researchers can cause this situation if shark's stomach flip up or rub the snout, depending on the species.

14. Sharks have sensitive hearing and taste amazing. They can smell blood in the water from doing so 1.5km. Shark nose can detect the time lag of smell to one nostril versus the other. We used it as a way to recognize the direction prey and turned to first detect odors.

15. Many species of sharks are color-blind. Animal's eyes have two types of cells respond to different lighting rod cells and cone cells. The rod cells determine the brightness of the control cones colors. A study of 17 different shark species indicate that although they may see different degrees of light, but can only see a single color is green.

16. So far detected more than 400 shark species.

17. Sharks are pregnant animals, which means they need a continuous flow of water through the gills to get oxygen. Continuous path is the way to have regular flow of water through the gills. But all animals need rest. Some sharks have special bodies called spiracles behind eyes that pump water through their gills, even when they are standing still.

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10 weird and amazing things interesting animal facts you can didn’t know about cats…bellow

1. Some cats actually like water

The Turkish Angora is one of the ancient breeds of domesticated cat, known for its sleek body and high pointed ears. This breed is naturally drawn to water and some have even been reported as swimming or wading in pools of it. There are a few other breeds that have been known to like water, such as the: American Shorthair, Maine Coon, American Bobtail and the Turkish Van.

2. Cats are manipulative—when they need to be

Everyone knows that when a cat is hungry, they won’t beat around the bush about it. They will rub on you, paw at you and some might even meow at the top of their lungs. While this may appear something like a distress call, cats practice this behavior to manipulate their owners to get what they want—food!

3. Cats dream just like us

If a cat is relaxed enough and has entered a deep sleep, their little minds produce the same brain wave patterns that we do to send them into dream land. Maybe there kitty can catch that pesky squirrel for real this time!

4. Cats can get sick from eating chocolate just like dogs

Not usually one to fall in the same category with a canine, cats also cannot tolerate chocolate and consuming it can cause them to become very ill. Cats are carnivorous by nature and they don’t have a taste for the sweet stuff. Still, be sure to be careful when leaving it out so kitty doesn’t find it.

5. They have the ability to tolerate heat very well despite the fur

Domesticated cats are all descendants to their ancestor big cats-many of which could be found in desert settings centuries ago. Because of this, cats can tolerate high temperatures well and pant to cool themselves. (They even have the ability to sweat—through the pads on the bottoms of their feet!)

6. Careful, not too close!

Because their eyes are so large, cats are not able to focus on anything closer than a foot in front of them—making them farsighted. Luckily they have the ability to use their whiskers to sense things that they can’t clearly see.

7. Don’t call it a cat nap

Although it may sometimes seem like you’ve got a narcoleptic kitty on your hands, it’s actually natural for your feline to spend most of their time napping. On average, a domesticated cat spends approximately 2/3 of its life asleep. Must be nice!

8. Cats don’t have collarbones

Without a collarbone, this allows cats the flexibility to fit through openings the size of their heads. Now maybe you know how kitty wedged their body in places you didn’t think possible!

9. You are not allergic to cats

For all those people who say they’re allergic to cats, well, they aren’t allergic to the cats themselves. People are actually allergic to cat dander, not cat fur. This is because cat’s produce a hormone in their saliva that triggers allergies for humans. Due to cats “bathing” themselves, this is how the saliva spreads on the fur. Coincidentally, there are some cat breeds that are proven to be hypoallergenic.

10. Catnip Isn’t Just for Kittens

Surprisingly, catnip can have an affect on cats of all shapes and sizes. Reports have shown that catnip has an affect on all cats (young and adult) and not only that, but even big cats such as lions and tigers… oh my!

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Cats are one of the animal species with human-friendly but also very much about this pet that you do not know.

Discover 15 best little thing to know about cats, interesting animal facts:

1. Cats are popular pets in America. A total of 88 million to 74 million cats compared to dogs.

2. Some cats have survived a fall from a height of 320 meters (32 floors). This is largely reflective of the cats, also known as "reflective equilibrium".

3. Each year almost 4 million cats in China would be slaughtered.

4. Cats have 32 ribs to control his ears while humans only 6. Therefore, the cat's ears are very sensitive.

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Review journal a Dragonfly ehas two large compound eyes which take up most of its head. Dragonflies have long, delicate, membranous wings which are transparent and some have light yellow colouring near the tips. Their bodies are long and slender and they have a short antennae.Dragonflies are very colourful, for example the Green Darner Dargonfly has a green thorax and a blue segmented abdomen. Some are red like the Comet Darner and yellow like the Emerald Darner.Dragonflies breath through spiracles which are tiny holes located on their abdomen. They can beat each pair of wings together or separately and their rear wings can be out of phase with the front wings. Their wing beat is around 50 – 90 beats per second.Dragonflies have complicated neck muscles which allow them to tilt their head sideways 180 degrees, back 70 degrees and down 40 degrees.Dragonflies can hover in mid air and then rapidly accelerate. Traveling at almost 30 miles per hour, dragonflies are the fastest insects in the UK.

Dragonfly Diet and Vision

All dragonflies are carnivorous in both the larval and adult stages of their lives. Dragonflies typically eat mosquitoes, midges and other small insects like flies, bees and butterflies, catching its prey while it is flying. A Dragonflies ability to manoeuvre in many directions makes them able to out-fly their prey.Dragonflies also have the advantage of excellent eyesight. Each of their two large eyes is made up of thousands of six-sided units. Together, these smaller eyes enable a dragonfly to detect even the slightest movement. They have large optic brain lobes and 80% of their mental processes are devoted to vision and they can detect colour, ultraviolet light and polarization.

Dragonfly Habitats

Dragonflies are usually found around water such as lakes, ponds, streams and wetlands because their larvae, known as ‘nymphs’, are aquatic.

Dragonfly Reproduction

A dragonfly undergoes incomplete metamorphosis. Female dragonflies lay eggs in or near water, often on floating or emergent plants. When laying eggs, some species will submerge themselves completely in order to lay their eggs on a suitable surface. After about two weeks, the eggs hatch and an immature dragonfly, or nymph, emerges. The nymphs are not as attractive as the adults. They have tiny wings and a large lower lip, which they use to catch their prey (often mosquito larvae).See the slideshow below of the Dragonfly metamorphosis process courtesy of Christine Gamble who captured the Dragonfly emerging from its larvae. 

Dragonfly nymphs live in the water. As they grow, they molt (shed their skin). Nymphs of some species may take as long as three years to mature. Most of a dragonflys life is spent in the larval stage beneath the waters surface, using internal gills to breathe and using extendable jaws to catch other invertebrates or even vertebrates such as tadpoles and fish. The life span ranges from about 6 months to over 7 years (most of it is spent in the nymph stage – the adult lives for only a few weeks).When the larva is ready to metamorphose into an adult, it climbs up a reed or other emergent plant at night. Exposure to air causes the larvae to begin breathing. The skin splits at a weak spot behind the head and the adult dragonfly crawls out of its old larval skin, waits for the sun to rise, pumps up its wings and flies off to feed on midges and flies.

Dragonflies and Humans

Amazing facts of science Dragonflies do not normally bite or sting humans, although they will bite in order to escape, if grasped by the abdomen. They are valued as predators that help control populations of harmful insects, such as mosquitoes. Dragonflies are one of several insects commonly referred to as ‘mosquito hawks’ in North America.

Dragonfly History

The oldest known species of dragonfly is the 320 million year old (Delitzschala bitterfeldensis). Another is ‘Namurotypus’ an extinct genus of dragonfly. Dragonflies are ancient insects. They were around before the dinosaurs. Ancient dragonflies may have been considerably larger than those we see today. A fossilized impression of a dragonfly wing, found in a coal mine in England, is the oldest known dragonfly specimen. This dragonfly lived 320 million years ago and had a wingspan of 8 inches. The largest known dragonfly had a wingspan of 24 inches (two feet). Today, the largest dragonfly is found in South America and has a wingspan of slightly over seven inches. Other than being smaller, modern-day dragonflies do not look very different from their ancestors.

Dragonfly Conservation

Fifty years ago there were twice as many ponds in Britain as there are today. The draining of agricultural land, filling in and pollution have all contributed to the disappearance of most countryside ponds. Canals have also suffered from pollution, especially by chemicals used on farmland draining into water. The loss of suitable fresh water habitats has affected dragonflies enormously and they are becoming increasingly rare. The Norfolk aeshna, Aeshna isosceles, which can be found living only in the Norfolk Broads, is on the list of Britains endangered species of insects.

Helping Dragonflies

Garden ponds have become very popular over recent years and these are helping to save Britains threatened pond-life including dragonflies. Creating a pond habitat in your garden at home, or in your school grounds, is a practical and worthwhile conservation project. You can access to get more information about cats you wanted to know

Interesting animal facts, the jaguar (Panthera onca) is the largest cat in the Americas and the third-largest in the world (after thelion and tiger).

At one time jaguars roamed all the way to the US-Mexico border, but jaguars are now only occasionally sighted in Texas and Arizona. Today significant numbers of jaguars are found only in remote regions of South and Central America—particularly in the Amazon Basin.

The Jaguar is commonly found in rain forests, savannahs, and swamps, but at the northern end of its territory it may enter scrub country and even deserts.

They are identified by their yellow or orange coats, dark spots and short legs. The dark spots on their coats are unlike any other cat spots. Each spot looks like a rose and are called rosettes.

The jaguar is covered in rosettes for camouflage. The spots vary over individual coats and between individual Jaguars. The rosettes may include one or several dots and the shape of the dots varies. The spots on the head and neck are generally solid, as are those on the tail, where they may merge to form a band. The underbelly, throat and outer surface of the legs and lower flanks are white.

The jaguar has a compact body, a broad head and powerful jaws.

From head to flank, these cats range in length from 1.2 to 1.95 meters (4 to 6 feet). The tail can add another 60 centimeters (2 feet) in length, , though their tails are quite short when compared to other large cats. Lions’ tails, by comparison, can grow up to 105 centimetersm (3.5 feet).

The jaguar stands 63 to 76 centimeters (25 to 30 inches) tall at the shoulders.

Males are heavier than females. Males can weigh from 57 to 113 kilograms (126 to 250 pounds), whilefemales weigh from 45 to 90 kilograms (100 to 200 pounds).

Typical lifespan in the wild is estimated at around 12–15 years; in captivity, the jaguar lives up to 23 years, placing it among the longest-lived cats. By the way, check out cat facts for kids to explore science interesting facts about cat species

The jaguar is a solitary animal and lives and hunts alone; they only meet up to mate.

To keep other jaguars at bay, they mark their territory with urine or by marking trees with their claws.Their territories can be up to 80 square kilometers (30 square miles).

Jaguars like to remain hidden when they sleep. They typically find an area that is surrounded by trees. A jaguar may even sleep in a tree. Jaguars also rest in areas of tall grass.

The jaguar is often described as nocturnal, but is more specifically crepuscular (peak activity around dawn and dusk).

Jaguars are carnivores, which means they eat only meat.

Jaguars are known to eat deer, peccary, crocodiles, snakes, monkeys, sloths, tapirs, turtles, eggs, frogs, fish and anything else they can catch.

Jaguars are considered a stalk and ambush predator and are not meant to run over long distances but prefer to surprise unsuspecting prey. They hunts mostly on the ground, but it sometimes climbs a tree and pounces on its prey from above.

Unlike most cats, which kill their prey by grabbing the throat and suffocating it, the jaguar kills by piercing its prey’s skull or neck with one swift bite – demonstrating the amazing strength of its powerful jaws and impressive teeth.

The jaguar has the strongest bite force of any cat and the strongest bite of any mammal. With that bite force, jaguars will crunch down on bones and eat them. In fact, in the zoo, bones are part of a jaguars’ regular diet.

The jaguar can run in excess of 103 kilometers (64 miles) per hour or over short distances.

Unlike many other cats, jaguars do not avoid water; in fact, they are quite good swimmers.

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Jaguars have no defined breeding season and will mate any time of year. After a gestation period of about 100 days, the female will give birth to a litter of 1 to 4 cubs. Cubs are blind at birth and they depend on their mother in the first few months of their life completely.

After six months, the cubs’ mother will teach them how to hunt. Mothers will continue to feed and protect her young until they are about 1 year old, and they will continue to stay with her until they are about 2 years old.

It is estimated that there are now only around 15,000 jaguars left in the wild and conservation is centering on the establishment of protected national park areas which may serve to reduce the decline of the jaguars’ natural habitat. It is listed on Appendix I of CITES and as ‘near threatened’ by IUCN.

These beautiful and powerful beasts were prominent in ancient Native American cultures.

The name jaguar comes from the Native American word yaguar, which means “he who kills with one leap.”

In pre-Columbian Central and South America, the jaguar was a symbol of power and strength.

In some traditions the Jaguar God of the Night was the formidable lord of the underworld.

Melanistic or all black jaguars occur due to a genetic mutation. This mutation causes the skin and fur to contain larger amounts of a dark pigment. Only from the close distance, characteristic spots could be seen.

The difference between jaguar’s and leopard’s fur lies in the center of the Jaguars rosettes, because unlike the leopard, the Jaguar has spots inside of its rosettes!

Jaguars can see six times better than humans at night or during darker conditions due to a layer of tissue in the back of the eye that reflects light.

Jaguars will dip their tails into the water to lure fish, much like a fishing line.

The jaguar and its name are widely used as a symbol in contemporary culture.

It is the national animal of Guyana, and is featured in its coat of arms.

It is also national animal of Brazil.

Jaguar is widely used as a product name, most prominently for a British luxury car brand.

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Amazing science facts Kingfishers are a group of small to medium-sized, brightly colored birds in the order Coraciiformes.

There are roughly 90 different species of kingfisher in the world.

The majority of species are found in Asia, Africa, Australia, and South America; some species in Europe and North America.

They live along banks of rivers and lakes, forest and open woodland, a few species along seashores or in

deserts.

Most species are sedentary, but about a few species are migratory or partially migratory.

Median life expectancy is 6 to 14 years, depending on species.

Kingfishers are known for their looks: stocky body; long, thick bill; and striking colors and markings. Many kingfisher species are decked out in feathers of bright blue, green, turquoise, red, or gold. Some have splotches, dashes, stripes, or speckles.

The dagger-shaped bill often seems too long or too big for the rest of the bird, but it is well designed for capturing food.

The smallest species of kingfisher is the African pygmy kingfisher (Ispidina lecontei), Interesting animal facts which is around 10 centimeters (3.9 inches) long and weight from 9 to 12 grams (0.3 to 0.4 ounces).

The largest species of kingfisher is laughing kookaburra (Dacelo novaeguineae), which is up to 46 centimeters (18 inches) long and weight up to 490 grams (17 ounces).

Most kingfisher species are solitary, only pairing up with a mate during breeding season.

They are most active in the morning and evening, but if it’s not too hot, they may also hunt during the afternoon.

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Kingfishers feed on a wide variety of prey. They are most famous for hunting and eating fish, and some species do specialise in catching fish.

Even kingfishers that eat mostly fish also eat other things on occasion, like crabs, crayfish, snails, and frogs. Kingfishers that live in forests, grasslands, and deserts have a different diet, dining on a variety of insects, spiders, reptiles (including snakes), and small mammals, which they catch by spying the prey from a perch and darting out to snap it up.

All kingfishers have excellent vision and can see into the water – even adjusting for refraction, which can make a fish look closer to the surface than it really is.

It has fast and direct flying, but it is also able to hover above the water when it searches and collects food.

Kingfishers are territorial, some species defending their territories vigorously.

Kingfishers have a variety of calls used to announce their territory, warn off other birds, and communicate with a mate and their chicks, such as shrieks, screams, clicks, whistles, chuckles, rattles, and chirps.

They are generally monogamous, although cooperative breeding (more than two birds of the same species provide care in rearing the young from one nest) has been observed in some species.

Kingfishers don’t build nests of sticks or plants. Instead, they nest in burrows that they dig into dirt banks, tree cavities, or old termite mounds. A male and female pair works together to create the burrow, taking turns digging out the soil with their feet. The burrow takes three to seven days to complete. It often slopes upward to avoid flooding and is usually about 1 to 2 meters (3 to 6.5 feet) long, although the record is a 8.5 meters (28 feet) burrow dug by a pair of giant kingfishers.

The burrow ends in a nesting chamber that is about 20 to 30 centimeters (8 to 12 inches) wide and 15 to 17 centimeters (6 to 7 inches) high. This is where the eggs are laid and the chicks raised.

The female lays 2 to 10 (usually 3 to 6) white, unmarked eggs. Both parents take part in the incubation of eggs during a period of 3 to 4 weeks.

The offspring of the kingfisher usually stay with the parents for 3–4 months.

Many young kingfishers drown shortly after leaving the nest due to lack of flying experience.

Because of the high mortality of young, kingfishers usually have two or three broods a year.

The main predators of the kingfisher are birds of prey, foxes, raccoons, cats and snakes.

A number of species are considered threatened by human activities and are in danger of extinction. The majority of these are forest species with limited distribution, particularly insular species. They are threatened by habitat loss caused by forest clearance or degradation and in some cases by introduced species.

The most famous kingfisher is Australia’s laughing kookaburra. It gets its name from its call, which sounds like laughter.

When a common kingfisher dives after a meal, it often submerges completely in the water, folding its wings backward to create a V shape. It can even dive straight through a layer of thin ice to catch a fish below.

Kingfishers like to keep clean and bathe by diving into water and then perching in the sun to dry and preen their feathers. Some use their wings to scrub and scratch the top of their head. They also keep that impressive bill clean by scraping it against a branch until they are satisfied that the bill is in good condition.

In Victorian times, many kingfishers were shot and stuffed to put in glass cases, while their feathers were widely used by milliners to adorn hats.

For the Dusun people of Borneo, the Oriental dwarf kingfisher is considered a bad omen, and warriors who see one on the way to battle should return home. Another Bornean tribe considers the banded kingfisher an omen bird, albeit generally a good omen.

The sacred kingfisher, along with other Pacific kingfishers, was venerated by the Polynesians, who believed it had control over the seas and waves. 

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There are some 2,000 species of sea star living in all the world’s oceans, from tropical habitats to the cold seafloor.

The lifespan of a starfish varies considerably between species. It ranges from 5 to 35 years.

The five-arm varieties are the most common, hence their name, but species with 10, 20, and even 40 arms exist.

They have bony, calcified skin, which protects them from most predators, and many wear striking colorsthat camouflage them or scare off potential attackers.

They can vary widely in size, with the paddle-spined starfish as small as 1 centimeter (0.4 inch) wide and the Midgardia xandros topping 1.38 meters (4.5 feet) across.

Starfish have no brains and no blood. Their nervous system is spread through their arms and their “blood” is actually filtered sea water.

They are found from the intertidal zone down to abyssal depths, 6,000 meters (20,000 feet) below the surface.

Although they are named “starfish“, they are not related to fish at all. Starfish, like sea urchins and sand dollars, do not have backbones, which makes them part of a group called invertebrates.

While they can’t see as well as we do, starfish have an eye spot at the end of each arm. This is a very simple eye that looks like a red spot. The eye doesn’t see much detail, but can sense light and dark.

The underside of the starfish is covered with hundreds of tube feet, which it uses for walking around, for attaching tightly to rocks, and for holding on to prey. To move, each tube foot swings like a leg, lifting up and swinging forward, then planting itself on the ground and pushing back.

Starfish eat in a very strange way. The starfish’s mouth is on the bottom of its body. The mouth is at the middle of the star. A starfish can push its stomach out through its mouth.

The starfish has two stomachs. The cardiac stomach eats the food outside the starfish’s body. When the cardiac stomach comes back into the body, the food in it is transferred to the pyloric stomach. After the tube feet open the shell of its prey, the cardiac stomach is extended into the shell to pull the food inside. The tube feet play an important role in helping the starfish to procure its food. The tube feet are used to open up the oysters or clams. Then the stomach is extended into the shell to pull the food inside.

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They prey on bivalves like mussels and clams, as well as small fish, snails, and barnacles.

Amazingly, sea stars can regenerate lost arms. This is useful if the sea star is threatened by a predator – it can drop an arm, get away and grow a new arm. Sea stars house most of their vital organs in their arms, so some can even regenerate an entirely new sea star from just one arm and a portion of the star’s central disc. It won’t happen too quickly, though. It takes about a year for an arm to grow back.

Although they are able to regenerate detached arms and some detached arms can grow into new starfish, most species reproduce by spreading and fertilizing eggs.

The female starfish is capable is releasing over 2 million eggs at any one time, although the average amount of eggs that the female starfish releases is closer to 1 million. This is important because small portion of the eggs survive to become adult starfish.

The eggs released by the female starfish are then fertilized by the male starfish and the fertilized eggs develop into larvae which are able to swim around. Starfish larvae [pic. below] swim for about three weeks before settling and beginning metamorphosis into the more common appearance of the starfish.

Starfish reproduction typically is heterosexual, but hermaphroditism (reproductive organs of both sexes in one animal) occurs.

Starfish can change their gender when it’s convenient for them and can easily change back to their original sex.

Starfish, despite their crusty exteriors, are vulnerable to predators like crabs, sea otters, sharks, manta rays and other starfish.

Purely marine animals, there are no freshwater sea stars, and only a few live in brackish water (salt water and fresh water mixed together).

Starfish aren’t social creatures, but some species will congregate in large groups during certain times of the year to feed.

Common feature for all starfish is that their body is radially symmetrical (regular arrangement of body parts around a central axis) .

With their appealing symmetrical shape, starfish have played a part in literature, legend, design andpopular culture.

With its multiple arms, the starfish provides a popular metaphor for computer networks, companies and software tools.

Starfish are sometimes eaten in China, Japan and in Micronesia.

The fossil record for starfish is ancient, dating back to the Ordovician around 450 million years ago, but it is rather poor, as starfish tend to disintegrate after death.

The starfish is today considered to be a threatened species of animal mainly due to habitat loss and pollution Swhich are drastically reducing the starfish populations.

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